Bio-ethanol properties
(100% pure) Colorless, limpid, volatile liquid. Boiling point- 78.3⁰C Flash point-117.3⁰C., ethereal vinous odor, pungent taste. Miscible with water, methanol, ether, chloroform and acetone properties (95%) Refr. Index 1.3651(15⁰C), Surface tension 22.3 dynes/cm (20⁰C), viscosity 0.0141 poise (20⁰C), vapour pressure(20⁰C), Specific heat 0.618 cal/g(23⁰C)Introduction
Bio-Ethanol is important because they replace petroleum fuels. Bio-Ethanol can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels to generate heat, power or for the production of chemicals. Biofuels are made from biomass through different unit operation such as fermentation, Distillation, Mixing. Corn, sugarcane, molasses, Potato, beet molasses & Wheat are generally used for manufacturing bio-ethanol. In this paper recent trend in the manufacturing of bio-ethanol that is the production of bio-ethanol from corn and sugarcane molasses is briefly discussed. Recently lot of research regarding the manufacture of bio- ethanol has been carried out and still it is going on. There are severally reasons for bio-fuels to be considered as relevant technologies by both developing and industrialized countries. They include energy security reasons, environmental concern and foreign exchange saving.Ethanol was used as a fuel source for car well into the 1930. Post World War II, however, little interest remained in using agricultural crops for liquid fuel production because of the abundant and cheap supply of fuel from petroleum and natural gas. Renewed interest in ethanol developed in the 1970s with oil supply disruptions from the Middle East and the phase-out of lead as octane booster for gasoline
Conclusion
- For bio-ethanol to become more sustainable to replace
petrol, the production process has to be more efficient
o
Reducing cost of conversion
o
Increasing yields
o
Increase the diversity of crop used
- Used of phosphorous and nitrogen in the production
o negative
effect on the environment
o Cold
start difficulties
o pure
ethanol is difficult to vaporize
